Which Type Is It?-Which Type Is It?

Which Type Is It?

Pdf Summary

The infographic provides guidance on diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes, based on the American Diabetes Association's (ADA) Standards of Care for 2024. It points out that misdiagnosis is common across all age groups and emphasizes the need for careful assessment considering various factors like age, comorbidities, glucose control, family health background, body habitus, and autoimmunity. <br /><br />The infographic introduces the "AABBCC" approach and outlines the identification of Type 1 Diabetes through three stages:<br /><br />- <strong>Stage 1</strong>: Characterized by the presence of autoimmunity and normoglycemia, with no visible symptoms.<br /><br />- <strong>Stage 2</strong>: Involves autoimmunity and dysglycemia, yet remains presymptomatic. Clinical markers include the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies, impaired fasting glucose (FPG of 100–125 mg/dL), and levels of 2-hour plasma glucose (140–199 mg/dL), or a hemoglobin A1C increase of 5.7–6.4%.<br /><br />- <strong>Stage 3</strong>: Here, autoimmunity progresses to overt hyperglycemia and the patient becomes symptomatic. This stage meets the standard diagnostic criteria for diabetes.<br /><br />Autoantibody testing plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, with specific tests for GAD, IA-2, and ZnT8. Additional criteria, like measuring plasma glucose at 30, 60, or 90 minutes during an oral glucose tolerance test for individuals aged 18 and older, provide confirmatory insights in clinical trials.<br /><br />Overall, the document underscores the importance of early and accurate detection, and how various medical criteria and testing can aid in distinguishing between different stages and ensuring appropriate management of Type 1 Diabetes. For further information, it suggests contacting the ADA via their hotline or visiting their website.

Keywords

Type 1 Diabetes

American Diabetes Association

Standards of Care 2024

misdiagnosis

AABBCC approach

autoimmunity

diagnostic criteria

autoantibody testing

glucose tolerance test

early detection