Screening, Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease-Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Infographic

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Infographic

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This document provides guidance on reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes by emphasizing the importance of comprehensive management involving glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol control. It highlights that merely reducing A1C levels alone does not lower ASCVD risk. Instead, it advocates using glucose-lowering medications with proven ASCVD benefits, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) like liraglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i).<br /><br />For blood pressure management, individualized treatment goals are suggested, generally aiming for 130/80 mmHg. Key treatment components include lifestyle interventions (healthy diet, reduced sodium intake, enhanced physical activity, smoking cessation, weight loss, and moderate alcohol consumption) and pharmacotherapy. In patients with ASCVD or albuminuria, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) should be considered. For those without ASCVD, starting with ACEi, ARB, calcium channel blockers (CCB), or diuretics is advised.<br /><br />Additionally, annual lipid panel is recommended for diabetes management, aiming for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) goals of 70 mg/dL for primary prevention in adults aged 40-75 and 55 mg/dL for secondary prevention. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and statins as the primary pharmacological intervention, with options for additional therapies like ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, and fibrates to manage triglycerides above 150 mg/dL.<br /><br />The document underlines that ASCVD continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes and directs readers towards American Diabetes Association resources for further information. It follows the ADA's 2023 Standards of Care recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.

Keywords

atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

type 2 diabetes

glucose management

blood pressure control

cholesterol management

GLP-1 receptor agonists

SGLT-2 inhibitors

ACE inhibitors

statins

ADA Standards of Care